a specious

εὐόφθαλμος, ον,

A with beautiful eyes, X.Cyr.8.1.41 ([comp] Comp.), BGU 316.14 (iv A.D.).

2 keen-eyed, X.Smp.5.5 ([comp] Sup.).

II pleasing to the eye, Aristox.Fr.Hist.15, Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).240: metaph., fair only to the eye, specious,

εὐόφθαλμον ἀκοῦσαι μόνον Arist.Pol. 1268b24

. Adv. - μως Antipho Fr.59.

εὐπρεπ-ής, ές, ([etym.] πρέπω)

A well-looking, comely, of outward appearance,

σχῆμα -έστατον Hdt.1.60

, cf.2.37; [κόσμος] εὐ. A.Pers. 833; εὐ. ἰδεῖν fair to look on, Ar.Th. 192, X.Mem.2.1.22;

εἶδος -εστάτη E.Hec. 269

(v.l. ἐκπρ-)

; τὴν ὄψιν D.40.27

;

κοσμοῦντες.. οἰκοδομήμασιν -έστερα Pl.Lg. 761c

.

2 decent, seemly, ἄνδρα δ' -έστερον (sc. ἐξελθεῖν ἐστι) A.Ch. 664, etc.;

οὐ γὰρ εὐ. λέγειν E.Or. 1145

;

λόγος ἐμοὶ οὐκ -έστερος λέγεσθαι Hdt.2.47

; νόσημα ῥηθῆναι οὐκ εὐ. Isoc.12.267; τελευτὴ -εστάτη a most glorious end, Th.2.44.

3 specious, plausible, opp. ἀληθής, E.Tr. 951;

σκῆψις -εστάτη Hdt.3.72

;

εὐ. αἰτία Th.6.76

; εὐ. δειλία cowardice veiled under a fine name, Id.3.82; μετ' ὀνόματος εὐ. ibid.;

ἀπάτῃ εὐπρεπεῖ Id.4.86

; ἐκ τοῦ εὐ. in pretence, Id.7.57; τὸ εὐ. τοῦ λόγου, = εὐπρέπεια 11, Id.3.38,44;

εὐ. ἦν πρὸς τοὺς πλείους Id.8.66

.

II Adv. - πῶς, [dialect] Ion. -

πέως, οὐκ ἔχειν -έως ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν τάξιν Hdt.7.220

, cf. A.Ag. 616, etc.; with a good pretext, Th.6.6: [comp] Comp. -

πέστερον E.Rh. 841

; - πεστέρως Gloss.: [comp] Sup. -

πέστατα Th.8.109

.

εὐπρόσωπος, ον,

A fair of face, Cratin.304, Anaxandr.9.5;

μειράκιον Ar.Pl. 976

, cf. Ra. 412 (lyr.), X.Mem.1.3.10 ([comp] Sup.); with glad countenance, S.Aj. 1009; comice,

λοπάς Eub.44.1

.

2 metaph., fair in outward show, specious,

ὑπεκρίναντο.. εὐπρόσωπα Hdt.7.168

;

οὐκ εὐ. φροιμίοις E.Ph. 1336

;

λόγους εὐ. καὶ μύθους D.18.149

;

εὐ. ἡ τοιαύτη νομοθεσία Arist.Pol. 1263b15

: [comp] Comp., Aristid.1.429J. Adv. - πως Philostr.VS1.18.4, Aristaenet.1.9, Jul.Or.7.224b.

3 perh. possessing legal personality, Antig. ap. Plu.2.458f (with pun on signf.1).

εὐσχήμ-ων, ον, gen. ονος, ([etym.] σχῆμα)

A elegant in figure, mien and bearing, graceful, opp. ἀσχήμων, Pl.R. 413e, al.;

ἀλεκτρυών Cratin. 108

; τὰ εὐ. ἡμῶν (sc. μόρια) 1 Ep.Cor.12.24: [comp] Comp. - έστερος more respectable, Pl.R. 554e: [comp] Sup. - έστατοι

, πονεῖν ἵπποι X.Eq.11.12

.

2 in bad sense, with an outside show of goodness, specious in behaviour,

εἴς τινα E.Med. 584

.

II of things, decent, becoming,

λόγοι Id.Hipp. 490

, D.60.9;

πρᾶγμα οὐδαμῶς εὔσχημον λέγειν Aeschin.3.162

;

λέγειν εὐσχήμονα Arist.EN 1128a7

; τὸ εὔσχημον decorum, Pl.R. 401c, Lg. 797b. Adv. - μόνως with grace and dignity, like a gentleman, Ar.V. 1210, X.Cyr.1.3.8, Arist.EN 1101a1;

ζῆν Phld.Herc.1251.18

: Comp - έστερον

, ἔχειν Pl.Epin. 981a

;

τι φέρειν D.60.35

: [comp] Sup. - έστατα IG 22.1034.11.

2 later also, noble, honourable, in rank (condemned by Phryn.309), Ev.Marc.15.43, Act.Ap.13.50, J.Vit.9, Vett.Val.66.7, al.; ἡ εὐ. the noble lady, PFlor.16.20 (iii A.D.).

b title of a village magistrate, in pl.,

εὐ. κώμης BGU 147

(ii/iii A.D.): sg., ἡ οἰκία τοῦ εὐ. PRyl.236.15 (iii A.D.).

καλλι-λογέω,

A express in elegant diction, embellish, D.H.8.32, Comp.3 ([voice] Pass.):—[voice] Med., use specious phrases, Luc.Tox.35.

καλός, ή, όν, [dialect] Aeol. [full] κάλος (v. infr.), α, ον, [dialect] Boeot. [full] καλϝός Schwyzer 538 (vi B. C.):—

A beautiful, of outward form, freq. of persons,

κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν Il.2.673

: in Hom. usu. in the phrase

κ. τε μέγας τε Il.21.108

, al.; μέγας καὶ κ. Od.9.513;

καλή τε μεγάλη τε 13.289

, 15.418; καλὸς δέμας beautiful of form, 17.307;

κ. ἰδέᾳ Pi.O.10

(11). 103;

εἶδος κάλλιστος X.Cyr.1.2.1

;

κ. τὸ σῶμα Id.Mem.2.6.30

;

τὰς ὄψεις Theopomp.Hist.195

; Χορῷ καλή beauteous in the dance, Il. 16.180: c. inf.,

καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od.10.396

; ἐσορᾶν κ. Pi.O.8.19: freq. of parts of the body, fair, shapely, κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, Il.19.285, 23.66, Od.19.208, Il.4.147;

Χρώς 5.354

, al.; of clothes, εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα, Od.6.111, 24.277, Il.2.43, Od.10.365, 1.96;

πέπλος κάλλιστος ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος Il.6.294

; of arms and armour, κνημῖδες, ἀσπίς, σάκος, κόρυς, φάσγανα, ἔντεα, 3.331, 11.33, 22.314, 18.612, 15.713, Od.19.18; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc.,

αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε 14.7

; κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες, 3.387, Il.21.447, 18.491; ἄμαξα, τράπεζα, θρόνος, 24.267, 11.629, Od.1.131; also τέμενος, ἀγρός, Il.12.314, Od.24.206; so after Hom.,

Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19

, etc.; ἐέρσα κ. ead.Supp.25.12.

2 in [dialect] Att. added to a name in token of love or admiration, as Ἀρίσημος κ. IG12.921, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί" Ar. Ach. 144, cf.V.98; Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή, Pl.Alc.1.113b, Phdr. 235c.

b ἡ Καλή or Καλλίστη, as epith., A.Ag. 140 (lyr.), Paus. 1.29.2, CIG 4445 ([place name] Beroea).

c Καλοί, οἱ, divinities worshipped in childbirth, IG5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.).

3 τὸ καλόν beauty, Sapph.79, E.IA21 (anap.), etc.; τὰ καλά the proprieties or elegancies of life, Hdt.1.8, 207;

ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος Pi.O.1.84

;

αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι X.Cyr.7.2.13

.

II with ref. to use, good, of fine quality,

κ. λιμήν Od.6.263

; Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ.. καλῷ fair, 14.253, 299; κ. ἀργύριον, opp. κίβδηλον, genuine silver, X.Mem.3.1.9; opp. ἀποτετριμμένον, good silver currency, PCair.Zen.21.33 (iii B. C.);

ἐλαῖαι PHib. 1.49.12

(iii B. C.);

γῆ Ev.Luc.8.15

;

κ. οἶνος PFay.133.8

(iv A. D.);

στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον Th.5.60

;

ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν LXX Ge. 44.4

;

κ. ἐς στρατιάν X.Cyr.3.3.6

;

πρός τι Pl.Hp.Ma. 295c

, Grg. 474d, etc.: c. inf.,

λόφος κάλλιστος τρέχειν X.An.4.8.26

; ἐν καλῷ [ τόπῳ] in a good place, καθίζεσθαι, ὁρμεῖν, Ar.Th. 292, X.HG2.1.25; ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν, ib.6.2.9; ἐν καλῷ under favourable circumstances, Th.5.59.60; ἐν κ. (sc. Χρόνῳ ) in good time, in season, E.IA 1106; ἐν οὐ κ. Id.Or. 579; ἐν καλῷ [ ἐστι] c. inf., S.El. 384 (so καλόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.Ph. 1155 (lyr.), Ar. Pax 278, Th.8.2);

ἐς καλόν S.OT78

, Pl.Men. 89e, Smp. 174e; τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν; what is the good of life to me? Ph.2.594; καλῇ πίστει, = Lat.bona fide, PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.).

2 of sacrifices, auspicious,

σφάγια A.Th. 379

;

οἰωνοί E. Ion 1333

;

ἱερά Th.4.92

;

τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου X.An.5.2.9

;

κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.3.2.3

: c. inf.,

ἰέναι.. κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν Id.An.2.2.3

: Com., τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ. (for τοῦ θεοῦ) Ar. Pax 868.

III in a moral sense, beautiful, noble, honourable, in Hom. only in neut.,

οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες Od.8.166

, cf. 17.381;

μεῖζον κλέος.. καὶ κάλλιον 18.255

; freq. καλόν [ ἐστι] c. inf.,

κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ Il.9.615

; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ. (sc. ἄρχειν) 21.440;

οὐ κ. ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον Od.20.294

; so in Trag.,

καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν S.Ant.72

, etc.;

μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν LXXIs.1.17

: [comp] Comp.,

οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε Od.7.159

, cf. Il.24.52; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc.,

κάλων κἄσλων Sapph.Supp.2.4

(unless of persons here); κ. ἔργματα noble deeds, Pi.I.4(3).42, cf. S.Fr. 839, etc.; ἀναστροφὴ κ. 1 Ep.Pet.2.12: in pl., excellences,

πλῆθος καλῶν Pi.O.13.45

;

πολλῶν καλῶν δεῖ τῷ καλόν τι μωμένῳ S.Fr. 938

; τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ. X.Smp.8.17.

2 τὸ κ. moral beauty, virtue, honour, opp. τὸ αἰσχρόν, Id.Mem.1.1.16, cf. Pl.Smp. 183d, etc.;

ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν Thgn.17

, cf. E.Ba. 881 (lyr.), Pl. Ly. 216c;

οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν Id.Grg. 474d

, cf. Smp. 201e; τοὐμὸν κ. E.Supp. 300.

3 of persons, in early writers coupled with ἀγαθός, v. καλοκἀγαθός; later

κ. ποιμήν Ev.Jo.10.11

;

κ. στρατιώτης

2 Ep.Tim.

2.3

.

IV in [dialect] Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, fine, specious, γέρας κ. A.Eu. 209;

κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι S.El. 393

, cf. E.Ba. 652;

κ. Χάρις D.9.65

;

κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι Id.23.121

;

καί σοι.. θωπεῦσαι καλόν S.OC 1003

;

μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Th.5.89

.

B Degrees of [comp] Comp.: [comp] Comp. καλλίων, ον, Il.24.52, Od.10.396, etc.: neut. κάλιον [pron. full] [ᾰ] Alc.134: [comp] Sup. κάλλιστος, η, ον, Il.20.233, etc.; late καλλιώτερος or - ότερος, POxy.1672.6 (i A. D.), Sch.E. Tr. 966; also

καλώτερος Hdn.Epim.69

.

C Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. καλόν as Adv.,

κ. ἀείδειν Il.18.570

, Od.1.155;

καλά Il.6.326

; later τὸ κ. Theoc.3.3, 18, Call.Epigr.53, Herod.1.54.

II regul. Adv. [full] καλῶς ([dialect] Dor. [full] καλώς Sophr.22), well, rightly,

οὐδ' ἔτι κ. οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od.2.64

; κ. ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., S.Aj. 479, etc.; κ. φρονεῖν to be in one's right mind, Id.Fr. 836;

οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς Id.Tr. 457

; κ. ἀγωνιεῖσθαι fairly, on the merits of the case, Lys.13.88; Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ. Leg.Gort.4.39;

κ. εἰρημένα S.Fr. 576.6

;

κάλλιον λέγεις Pl.Tht. 161b

;

κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι S.OT 1172

: freq. in phrase καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ, Pl.Prt. 319e, Prm. 128b, etc.

2 of good fortune, well, happily, κ. πράσσειν, = εὖ π., A.Pr. 979, S.Ant. 271;

κ. καὶ εὖ πράττειν Pl.Chrm. 172a

; κ. ἔχειν to be well, A.Th. 799, etc.;

κ. ἔχει σοι Ar.Ach. 946

, cf. S.El. 816; κ. ἔχει c. inf., 'tis well to.., X.Mem.3.11.1: c. gen., κ. ἔχειν τινός to be well off in respect to a thing, Hp.Superf.29;

κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι Th.1.36

;

εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι Id.4.117

;

οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη κ. ἔχειν, εἰ.. X.Mem.1.3.3

;

καλλιόνως ἔχει Pl.Tht. 169e

, etc.;

κάλλιστα ἕζει Id.Hp.Ma. 295b

.

3 καλῶς, = πάνυ, thoroughly, altogether,

τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα A.Fr. 317

, = S. Fr. 934;

κ. ἔξοιδα Id.OC 269

, cf. OT 1008;

κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι D.S.13.108

: [comp] Comp.,

κάλλιον εἰδέναι Pl.Hp.Ma. 300d

; κάλλιον ἐοικέναι to be just like , Hp.Genit.8.

4 κ. ἀκούειν to be well spoken of, Men.Mon. 285, Plu.2.177e.

5 κ. ποιῶν rightly, deservedly,

κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.Pl. 863

, cf. D.1.28, al., Aeschin.3.232; in requests, κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος, etc., PPetr.3p.143 (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf.,

κ. π. γράψαι BGU1203.7

(i B. C.), etc.

6 in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, well said! E.Or. 1216, D.39.15; also, to decline an offer courteously, no, thank you! Ar.Ra. 888;

κ. ἔχει Antiph.165

, Men.Pk. 266; πάνυ κ. Ar.Ra. 512; ἀμέλει κ. ib. 532: [comp] Sup., κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ ib. 508;

ἔχει κάλλιστα Theoc.15.3

.

7 ironically, finely,

καλῶς ἐρήμης γ' ἂν σὺ γῆς ἄρχοις μόνος S.Ant. 739

, cf. E.Med. 588, Ar.Eq. 344, Din.1.69.

8 κ. ὁ ἱερεύς hurrah for the priest! SIG1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.).

9 repeated with the Adj.,

καλὴ καλῶς Ar.Ach. 253

, Pax 1330, Ec. 730;

καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις Pi.O.9.94

.

10 [comp] Comp.

καλλιόνως Pl.Tht.

l.c., Lg. 660d: [comp] Sup.

καλλίστως PMag.Par.1.2443

,2465, Sch.E.Hec. 310.

D for compds., v. καλλι-, καλο-.

E Quantity: [pron. full] ᾱ in [dialect] Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. h.Ven.29, Hes.Op.63, Th. 585): [pron. full] ᾰ in Lyr. (exc.

κᾱλῶς B.12.206

) and Trag. (A. Fr. 314, S.Ph. 1381 are corrupt).--In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets [pron. full] ᾰ or [pron. full] ᾱ (the latter usu. in thesi);

τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται Theoc.6.19

, cf. Herod.7.115, Call.Jov.55.--In [comp] Comp., [pron. full] ῐ in Hom., [pron. full] ῑ in Trag. and later.

πῐθᾰνο-λογική, ἡ,

A art of using probable or specious arguments, Arr.Epict.1.8.7.

πῐθᾰν-ός, ή, όν, ([etym.] πείθω) of persons,

A persuasive, plausible, esp. of popular speakers,

πιθανώτατος τοῖς πολλοῖς Th.6.35

; τῷ δήμῳ παρὰ πολὺ.. -ώτατος, of Cleon, Id.3.36, cf. 4.21; ἐν ὄχλῳ π. Pl.Grg. 458e;

- ώτατος πάντων ἀνθρώπων D.37.48

;

- ώτεροι οἱ ἀπαίδευτοι τῶν πεπαιδευμένων ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις Arist.Rh. 1395b27

;

- ώτατοι οἱ ἐν τοῖς πάθεσιν Id.Po. 1455a30

;

π. καὶ πανοῦργος Plu.2.26a

;

π. συνταγματάρχης Luc. Bacch.2

: c. inf.,

- ώτατοι λέγειν Pl.Grg. 479c

; π. περιβαλεῖν τινα κακῷ apt at.., E.Or. 906;

πιθανώτατος στρατηγῆσαί τε καὶ προσαγαγέσθαι App.Hisp.15

, etc.: with a Prep., π. ἐς στρατηγίαν, ἐς ἐνέδρας, Id.Mith.51, Pun. 108, etc.

2 of arguments, plausible, Ar.Th. 464 (lyr.);

λέγων πιθανώτατ' Id.Eq. 629

; λόγος, φωναὶ π., Pl.Phd. 88d, R. 568c; λόγοι θαυμασίως ὡς π. D.35.16; τὸ περὶ λόγους π., = πιθανότης, Pl.Tht. 178e : freq. in Arist.Rh., as 1356b26, 1403b20;

μόνον ἐφρόντισαν τοῦ π. τοῦ πρὸς αὑτούς Id.Metaph. 1000a10

.

3 of manners, winning, plausible,

τὸ -ώτατον ἦθος X.Mem.3.10.3

;

τὸ π. ἰσχὺν τῆς ἀληθείας ἔχει μείζω Men.622

codd. Stob.;

οὐ π. ἔσχεν ὄχλῳ τὸ ἦθος Plu.Phoc.3

.

4 of reports, etc., plausible, specious, credible,

λόγος πιθανώτατος Hdt.1.214

, cf. 2.123;

π. τινί Pl.Lg. 677a

: c. inf., πιστεύεσθαι πιθανά ib. 782d; πιθανόν [ἐστι] c. inf., it is probable that.., Arist. Top. 151a29.

5 of works of art, producing illusion, true to nature, X.Mem.3.10.7 ([comp] Comp.).

II [voice] Pass., easy to persuade, credulous, A. Ag. 485 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 493a.

2 obedient, docile, X.Cyr.2.2.10, Oec. 13.9 ([comp] Comp.).

III Adv. - νῶς persuasively, plausibly, Ar.Th. 268, Pl.Phdr. 269c, al.: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερον Id.Phd. 63b

, Grg. 456c, Arist.EN 1096b5.

φαίνω, Od.7.102, etc., [dialect] Ep. also [full] φαείνω (q. v.):—[tense] fut. φᾰνῶ, A.Fr. 304.5, Ar.Ach. 827, etc. ( φᾱνῶ acc. to A.D.Adv.187.26, but φᾱνῶ, Ar. Eq. 300, and ἀναφᾱνῶ, E.Ba. 528, are dub.); [dialect] Ion. φᾰνέω ([etym.] ἀπο-) Hp.Steril. 213, opt.

A

φᾰνοίην S.Aj. 313

(cod. rec., rightly): [tense] aor. 1

ἔφηνα Il.2.318

, Hdt.1.95, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

ἔφᾱνα Pi.I.4(3).2

, IG42(1).123.28 (Epid., iv B.C.), also later [dialect] Att., subj., ἀπο-φάνῃ dub. l. in IG22.1631.379 ( = 2.811c133);

φάνῃς Philem.233

(

ἐκ-φάνῃς Men.Mon. 418

= Chares Iamb.4b20); so in late Prose, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Ael.VH12.33, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Ev.Luc.1.79, ([etym.] ἀνα-) Act.Ap. 21.3; [dialect] Ep. iter. φάνεσκε (intr.) Il.11.64, al., Hes.Fr.14.3: [tense] pf.

πέφαγκα Ps.-Callisth.2.10

, ([etym.] ἀπο-) Din.1.15, al.: intr. [tense] pf. πέφηνα (v. infr.A 111.2), [dialect] Dor.[ per.] 3pl.

ἐκ-πεφάναντι Sophr.83

; [tense] plpf.

ἐπεφήνειν D.C.46.10

:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. inf.

φᾰνεῖσθαι Od.12.230

, [dialect] Ion.

φᾰνέομαι Hdt.3.35

; opt.

φανοῖσθε Lys.26.10

(nisi leg. φανεῖσθε); the forms φανῆσθον and [dialect] Dor. imper. φάνευ are corrupt in Pl.Erx. 399e, Teles p.58 H. (leg. φαίνευ): [tense] aor. 1 ἐφηνάμην (trans.) S.Ph. 944, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Hdt.7.52, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

φαινέσκετο Od.13.194

: [tense] fut.

φᾰνήσομαι Hdt.8.108

, Sicilian [dialect] Dor. (inf.) φᾰνήσειν (fort. - ησεῖν) Archim.A ren.4.20; [dialect] Ep. [tense] fut.

πεφήσεται Il.17.155

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐφάνθην A.Pers. 263

(lyr.), S.OT 525, etc.:rare in Prose, X.HG6.4.11, D.58.13, ([etym.] ἀπο-) IG12.10.35, D.19.44; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

φαάνθη Il.17.650

, [ per.] 3pl.

φάανθεν 1.200

: [tense] aor. 2 ἐφάνην [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep.

φάνην Il.1.477

, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

φάνεν Od.18.68

; [dialect] Ep. subj.

φανήῃ Il.19.375

; [dialect] Ep. inf.

φανήμεναι 9.240

: [tense] pf.

πέφασμαι S.OC 1543

, [ per.] 3sg.

πέφανται Il.2.122

, 16.207, Pi.P.5.115, A.Ag. 374(lyr.); πέφᾰται in B.9.52, Perict. ap. Stob. 4.28.19 belongs either to φαίνω in sense A. 1.5, or to φημί; inf.

πεφάνθαι Pl.Euthd. 294a

, etc.; part.

πεφασμένος Il.14.127

, Thgn.227, A.Pr. 843, S.OC 1122, Pl.Phdr. 245e, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf.

ἐπέφαντο Hes.Sc. 166

.

A [voice] Act., bring to light, cause to appear, in physical sense, τέρας τινὶ φ. make a sign appear to one, Il.2.324, cf. Od.3.173, etc.;

σήματα φαίνων Il.2.353

;

γένυσι φ. ὀπώραν Pi.N.5.6

;

δύο μορφὰς φ. A.Fr.304.5

;

τὸν αὐχένα Hdt.2.132

; ἔφην' ἄφαντον φῶς, i.e. fire, S.Ph. 297;

λαμπάδας Ar.Ra. 1524

(anap.);

φ. θησαυρόν E.El. 565

; φ. μηρούς, ἐπιγουνίδα, show by baring, i.e. uncover.., Od.18.67,74;

φαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθεια Pi.N.5.17

; reflect an image in water,

τὰ δέ νιν καλὰ κύματα φαίνει Theoc.6.11

:—[voice] Med., τὰ τόξα.. τοῖσιν Ἀργείοισι φήνασθαι θέλει exhibit them as his own, S.Ph. 944.

b make known, reveal, disclose,

ἐς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακά Id.OT 1229

;

κακῶν ἔκλυσιν E.IT 898

(lyr., prob.);

τὸν μιαρὸν τῷ χρόνῳ ἀποδόντες φῆναι Antipho 4.4.11

;

ὁδόν τινι Od.12.334

;

τὰ ὀνείρατα καὶ τὸν πόρον X.An.4.3.13

, cf. Cyr.6.4.13, S.OT 725;

τοῖς πολεμίοις σύνθημα Din.3.10

, etc.; φανεῖ.. κωκύματα wailings will show forth [the truth of what I say], S.Ant. 1078: with a predic. added, ἡμᾶς σὺ δειλοὺς φανεῖς wilt make us appear.., Id.Aj. 1362;

τὸν Ααΐου φόνον φανεῖ δικαίως ὀρθόν Id.OT 853

.

c γόνον Ἑλένῃ φ. show her a child, i. e. grant her to bear one, Od.4.12; φ. παράκοιτίν τινι show (i.e. give) one a wife, 15.26.

2 of sound, make it clear to the ear, make it ring clear,

ἀοιδὴν φαίνειν 8.499

;

σάλπιγξ.. ὑπέρτονον γήρυμα φαινέτω στρατῷ A.Eu. 569

.

3 show forth, display in action,

ἀρετήν Od.8.237

;

ἀεικείας 20.309

;

βίην Hes.Th. 689

;

εὐμαχανίαν Pi.I.4(3).2

;

εὔνοιαν Hdt.3.36

; ὕβριν ib. 127;

ὀργάς A.Ch. 326

(lyr.).

b set forth, expound,

νοήματα Il.18.295

;

λόγον Hdt.1.116

;

τριφασίας λόγων ὁδούς Id.1.95

; but τὰ λαμπρὰ.. φ. ἔπη make them good, S.OC 721.

4 inform against one, denounce, φανῶ σε ( σε φανῶ codd.)

τοῖς πρυτάνεσι Ar.Eq. 300

(lyr.), cf. Ach. 824, S.Ant. 325: denounce a thing as contraband, Ar.Ach. 542, 819, al.;

φαίνειν πλοῖον D.58.9

; τὰ φανθέντα articles denounced as contraband, ib. 13: abs., give information,

ὁ φήνας ἢ ὁ γραψάμενος IG12.45.3

, cf. 4.24, Isoc.18.20, X.Cyr.1.2.14, Phld.Rh.2.207 S., etc.

5 φαίνειν φρουράν, call up a levy, at Sparta, X.HG3.2.23, al.; also φ. θυσίαν proclaim, order a sacrifice, Philod.Scarph.112:—[voice] Pass., πέφαται θνατοῖσι νίκας ὕστερον εὐφροσύνα has been ordained, B.9.52.

II abs., give light, shine,

φαίνοντες νύκτας.. δαιτυμόνεσσι Od.7.102

, cf. 19.25; of the sun, moon, etc.,

φ. τινί Ar.Nu. 586

(troch.);

εἰς ἅπαντα φ. τὸν οὐρανόν Pl.Ti. 39b

;

ἀλλά, σελάνα, φαῖνε καλόν Theoc.2.11

;

οἱ λύχνοι φ. ἧττον Thphr.Ign.11

; cf. φάω: so ἦρι μὲν φαίνοντι in spring when it shines forth, A.Fr.304.4 codd. (leg. φανέντι); of the Dioscuri shining in mid-air, E.El. 1234 (anap.): metaph., ἀγανὴ φαίνουσ' ἐλπίς soft shining hope, A.Ag. 101 (anap., dub.).

b Φαίνων, οντος, ὁ, the planet Saturn, Arist.Mu. 392a23, Cic.ND2.20.52, etc.;

Φ. ὁ τοῦ Ἡλίου Eudox. Ars5.19

; acc.

- ωνα Placit.2.15.4

.

III [dialect] Ep. iter. φάνεσκε appeared,

μετὰ πρώτοισι φάνεσκε Il.11.64

;

ὑπένερθε δὲ γαῖα φάνεσκε Od. 12.242

, cf. 11.587, Hes.Fr.14.3.

2 [tense] pf. 2 πέφηνα is also used intr., S.OC 328, etc.; less freq. in Prose, Hdt.9.120, D.3.22, Plb.9.13.8.

B [voice] Pass., come to light, appear, φάνεν δέ οἱ εὐρέες ὦμοι, being stripped bare, Od.18.68, cf. Il.22.324, Od.19.39: freq. of fire, shine brightly,

πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρό Il.8.561

;

ἕκαθεν δέ τε φαίνεται αὐγή 2.456

;

δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε φάανθεν

shone like fire,

Il.1.200

: freq. of the rising of heavenly bodies,

ἄστρα φαεινὴν ἀμφὶ σελήνην φαίνετ' ἀριπρεπέα 8.556

, cf. Hes.Op. 598; of the first gleam of daybreak,

ἦμος δ' ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς Il.1.477

, Od.2.1, al.; ἅμ' ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι at break of day, Il.9.618, cf. Od.4.407, al.;

ἀκτὶς ἀελίου, τὸκάλλιστον.. φανὲν.. τῶν προτέρων φάος, ἐφάνθης ποτ' S.Ant. 100

(lyr.): of a rising wind,

οὐδέ ποτ' οὖροι πνείοντες φαίνονθ' ἁλιαέες Od.4.361

; of a vapour,

ἐκ νεφέων ἐρεβεννὴ φ. ἀήρ Il.5.864

.

2 of persons, οἴῳ φαινομένη appearing to him alone, Il.1.198, cf. Od.15.517, etc.;

ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν Il.15.275

; οὗπερ κἀφάνης where thou didst first appear, S.OC77;

χρόνιος φανείς Id.Ph. 1446

(anap.); ὁδόν φανῆναι a pregnant expression for ἐλθεῖν ὁδὸν ὥστε φανῆναι, Id.El. 1274 (lyr.);

κέλευθον φανείς Aj. 878

(lyr.); πόθεν φαίνῃ; whence come you? Pl.Prt. 309a, X.Mem.2.8.1; οὐδαμοῦ φ. is nowhere to be seen, Id.An.1.10.16.

b come into being, φανεὶς δύστηνος born to misery, S.OC 974, cf. 1225 (lyr.); become,

ἐκ βασιλέως ἰδιώτην φανῆναι X.An.7.7.28

;

δυοῖν ἐφάνη τριήραρχος D.18.104

; to be made out,

δοῦλος λόγοισιν.. φανείς S.Aj. 1020

, cf. 1241.

3 of events, come about,

τέλος οὔ πώ τι πέφανται Il.2.122

;

φάνη βιότοιο τελευτή 7.104

; ἔργον, ἄεθλον, etc., 16.207, Od.21.106, etc.;

τὸ φανθέν S.Tr. 743

; of sayings, to be set forth, λόγος ἀρχαῖος φανείς ib.1, cf. OT 474 (lyr.), 848.

II appear to be so and so, c. inf.,

δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι Od.15.25

, cf. 11.336;

οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι 14.355

;

τοῦτό μοι θειότατον φαίνεται γενέσθαι Hdt.7.137

;

εὖ σὺ λέγειν φαίνει Ar.Nu. 403

(anap.), cf. A.Pr. 319, etc.: freq. with inf. omitted,

οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή Il.9.94

, cf. 2.5;

ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος Od.14.106

;

σμερδαλέος αὐτῇσι φάνη 6.137

;

ἕρμαιον ἂν ἐφάνη Pl.R. 368d

, etc.: but in Hdt., etc., also c. part., to be manifest: thus, ἐμοὶ σὺ πλουτέειν μέγα φαίνεαι you appear to me to be very rich, Hdt.1.32; but εὔνοος ἐφαίνετο ἐών he was manifestly well-inclined, Id.7.173, cf. 175, Th.1.2; οὐκ ἄκαιρα φαίνεται λέγειν he appears to be speaking.., A.Pr. 1036; but φανέονται λέγοντες οὐδέν it will be manifest that they talk nonsense, Hdt.3.35;

φαίνομαι δύο καθορᾶν εἴδη Pl.Sph. 235d

; but

οὐκ ἂν φανεῖμεν πήματ' ἔρξαντες A.Pers. 786

;

πλαγκτὸς οὖσ' ἐφαινόμην Id.Ag. 593

, cf. Hdt.9.89, E.Andr. 343;

ἐφάνησαν πεπονθότες Pl.Ap. 22c

: with part. omitted, πέφανται ἁρματηλάτας σοφός (sc. ὤν) Pi.P.5.115, cf. N.6.14;

κρατηθεὶς ἡμερώτερος φανεῖ A.Ag. 1632

; Κᾶρες ἐφάνησαν (sc. ὄντες) they were seen to be Carians, Th.1.8; τί φαίνομαι (sc. ὤν) δῆτ'; what do I look like? E.Ba. 925;

ὡς ἀγαθοὶ.. ἐφάνησαν Pl.R. 408a

: hence φαίνεσθαι, opp.

εἶναι, εἶναι μὲν ὅσπερ εἰμί, φαίνεσθαι δὲ μή E.Fr. 698

(ap.Ar.Ach. 441);

στρατηγὸς ἀγαθὸς μὴ ὢν φαίνεσθαι X.Mem.1.7.3

;

ὀλίγοι καὶ ὄντες καὶ φαινόμενοι Id.HG6.5.28

.

2 in Philosophy, φαίνομαι (abs.) is sts. used of what appears to the senses,

φαίνεται δ' οὐδὲν

is observed,

Arist. Ph. 204b35

, cf. Cael. 312b30;

φ. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν Id.GA 716a31

: sts. of what is mentally manifest, Id.EN 1175a29; to be evident, Id.APr. 24b24: esp. appear to the imagination (cf.

φαντασία 2

), Pl.Sph. 264b;

φ. καὶ μύουσιν ὁράματα Arist.de An. 428a16

; φ. δέ τι.. οἷον τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις ib.a7: distd. from αἰσθάνεσθαι and δοξάζειν, ib.b1: esp. in part. φαινόμενος, η, ον:

a appearing in sense experience,

τὰ φ. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν Id.Cael. 303a22

, al.;

εἴτε τὰ δοκοῦντα πάντα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ καὶ τὰ φ. Id.Metaph. 1009a8

, cf. de An. 404a29 (sg.);

τὰ φ.

sense-data,

Id.PA 639b8

, Epicur.Ep.1pp.9,10 U., al.: Astron., τὰ φ. = celestial phenomena, title of a work by Eudoxus, versified by Aratus, Hipparch. 1.1.8, cf. Arist. Cael. 293b27; πρός τινας δόξας αὑτῶν τὰ φ. προσέλκοντες ib. 293a26: generally,

τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι Ep.Heb.11.3

.

b mentally apparent, opp. ὄντα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, Pl.R. 596e, cf. Arist.Top. 100b24, EN 1113a24;

τὰ οὖν ἐμοὶ φαινόμενα οὕτω φαίνεται Pl.R. 517b

; [

νοῦς] τῶν φ. θειότατον Arist. Metaph. 1074b16

; τὸ φ. εἰπεῖν to express one's opinion, Plu.2.158c: hence, specious, fallacious, φ. ἐνθυμήματα, opp. ὄντα, Arist.Rh. 1402a28.

c

τὰ φ.

what is to be seen, show,

Lib.Or.30.28

.

3 freq. in answers in Plato's dialogue, φαίνεται, yes, Prt. 332e, R.333c, al.;

ὥς γέ μοι φ. Prt.324d

, cf. R.383a, al.: [τοῦτο] φῂς εἶναι; Answ. φαίνομαι (sc. λέγειν) X.Mem.4.2.20.

b later impers. c. dat. pers. et inf., it seems good, ἐάν σοι φαίνηται Wilcken Chr.304.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.44.7,16 (iii B.C.), etc.;

ὁπότε αὐτῷ φανείη στρατιὰν ἐξάγειν D.H.2.14

, cf. 4.85.

4 joined with

δοκέω, εἰ δὴ κακός τε φ. δοκῶ τέ σοι E.Hipp. 1071

;

δοκοῖμεν ἂν.. χείρους φαίνεσθαι Th.1.122

, cf. Pl.Phdr. 269d, Erx. 399c, X.Mem.2.1.22.

5 οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεσθαι 'to be nowhere', metaph. from racing, Pl.Phd. 72c, cf. Grg. 456b, D.18.310.

III τὰ φανθέντα, v. supr. A. 1.4.

ἄσπονδ-ος, ον,

A without σπονδή or drink-offering: hence,

I of a god, to whom no drink-offering is poured, ἄ. θεός, i.e. death, E.Alc. 424.

II without a regular truce (ratified by σπονδαί)

, ἀνοκωχή Th.5.32

; of persons, without making a truce,

ἄ. ἀπιέναι Id.3.111

, cf. 113; ἀσπόνδους τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀνελέσθαι take up their dead without leave asked, Id.2.22; τὸ εὐπρεπὲς ἄσπονδον the specious plea of neutrality, Id.1.37.

2 admitting of no truce, implacable, ἄσπονδόν τ' Ἄρη ( ἀράν codd.) A.Ag. 1235 (Pors.);

πόλεμος D.18.262

, Plb.1.65.6, etc.;

ἔχθρα Plu.Per.30

;

ἀσπόνδοισι νόμοισιν ἔχθραν συμβάλλειν E.El. 905

(lyr.); of persons, implacable, 2 Ep.Ti.3.3. Adv.

-δως, ἔχειν Ph.Fr.24H.

ἐπιεικ-ής, ές,

A fitting, meet, suitable, τύμβον οὐ μάλα πολλὸν.., ἀλλ' ἐπιεικέα τοῖον not very large but meet in size, Il.23.246; τείσουσι βοῶν ἐπιεικέ' ἀμοιβήν a fair recompense for them, Od.12.382.—Elsewh. Hom. has only the neut. ἐπιεικές, either in the phrase ὡς ἐπιεικές as is meet, Il.19.147, 23.537, Od.8.389: or c.inf., ὅν κ' ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν whom it may be meet for you to hear, Il.1.547; ὅπλα.. οἷ' ἐπιεικὲς ἔργ' ἔμεν ἀθανάτων such as is meet they should be, 19.21, cf. 23.50, Od.2.207.

εὐσχημονέω (s. three next entries; Pla., Leg. 732c; Menand.; Philod.; PSI V 541, 5; not LXX; Joseph.) gener. ‘behave with dignity/decorum’: in our lit. only as rdg. of P⁴⁶ in 1 Cor 13:5 for ἀσχημονεῖ. If it is not a scribal error here, it must have the sense be pretentious, be pompous as outward display of goodness (s. εὐσχήμων 2), which is not found elsewh., but cp. εὐσχημών ‘specious’ Eur., Med. 584. S. ADebrunner, ConNeot XI, ’47, 37–41.—DELG s.v. 1 ἔχω 3.

πιθανολογία, ας, ἡ (πιθανός ‘persuasive, plausible’, cp. πείθω) persuasive speech, art of persuasion (so Pla., Theaet. 162e) in an unfavorable sense in its only occurrence in our lit. ἐν πιθανολογίᾳ by specious arguments Col 2:4 (cp. PLips 40 III, 7 διὰ πιθανολογίας).—DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M.

ἀξιόπιστος, ον adj. (s. ἄξιος, πιστός)

① pert. to being deemed worthy of credence, trustworthy (X., Pla., et al.; pap; Pr 28:20; 2 Macc 15:11; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 4; Just., D. 72. Suda: ἀξιόπιστος οὐχὶ ὁ κατάπλαστος λέγεται ὑπὸ τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ τεραταίᾳ χρώνενος, ἀλλʼ ὁ πιστὸς καὶ δόκιμος καὶ ἀξιόχρεως=one who is ἀξιόπιστος is defined by the ancients as one who does not make things up nor tell tall tales, but is trustworthy, reliable, and credible) in our lit. used at two levels of sense: a characteristic as perceived or traditionally projected and the reality as established contextually οἱ δοκοῦντες ἀ. εἶναι καὶ ἑτεροδιδασκαλοῦντες who seem to be worthy of confidence and yet teach error IPol 3:1.

② pert. to having the appearance of being trustworthy, betraying confidence, pretentious, specious (Lucian, Alex. 4; Chariton 6, 9, 7; so the adv. Jos., Bell. 1, 508) φιλόσοφοι Dg 8:2. In a sharp oxymoron λύκοι ἀ. IPhld 2:2.—DELG s.v. πείθομαι. Spicq.

ἀπατηλός, ή, όν (s. ἀπάτη; Hom. et al.; also 4 Macc 18:8 v.l.; Philo; Just., A II, 2, 11; Ath. 27, 2) deceptive ἀνδρὶ ξένῳ ἀπα[τηλοὺς] καὶ ποικίλους καὶ κενοὺς λόγους διδάσκοντι a foreigner who makes deceptive, specious, and nonsensical statements AcPl Ox 6, 11f (=Aa I 241, 14).

ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)

① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.

ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P⁶⁶ is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).

ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).

② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).

③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).

④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).

⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.

⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.

⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἔνδυμα, ατος, τό (s. ἐνδύω; since V B.C. [SIG 1218, 3]; Polyb. 38, 20, 7; Strabo 3, 3, 7; Plut., Sol. 8, 5; SIG 1179, 7; PFay12, 20 [103 B.C.]; LXX; PsSol 2:20; OdeSol 11:11; JosAs 20:5 cod. A; GrBar 9:7; AscIs 3:25; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 85; Jos., Bell. 5, 231, Ant. 3, 153)

① material of any kind manufactured to cover the body, garment, clothing, Mt 6:25, 28; Lk 12:23; Ox 840, 19f; 27; also Ox 655, 11f, 16 (=ASyn. 67, 34; Unknown Sayings 86f; Fitzmyer, Oxy p. 545); GPt 4:12; ApcPt 5:17; 6:21 τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών Mt 28:3 (cp. Da 7:9 Theod.); ἔ. ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου clothing made of camel’s hair Mt 3:4; GEb 13, 78; ἔ. γάμου a wedding robe Mt 22:11f ([JosAs 20:5 cod. A for γάμου στολήν] on the lack of a festal robe cp. Lucian, Nigr. 14; cp. Acta Alex. VII A, 100–104; Suetonius, Nero 32, 3); τὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔ. the garment worn for modesty’s sake (Pythagoreans in Diog. L. 8, 43) GEg 252, 57 (cp. Esth 4:17k ἱμάτια στενοχωρίας).

② covering in ref. to one’s inner life, covering.—Hermas is esp. fond of this transferred use (cp. OdeSol 11:11) ἔχειν ἔ. τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀγαθῆς clothe oneself in the garment of good desire m 12, 1, 2. Sim. of Christian virtues as the clothing of the spiritual maidens: ἐνδύειν τὸ ἔ. αὐτῶν Hs 9, 13, 2; ἀποδύσασθαι τὸ ἔ. take off the clothing=renounce the virtues 9, 13, 8; cp. vs. 7.—Idiom: of specious goodness that is fraught with hazard to come in sheep’s clothing ἔ. προβάτων (cp. Dox. Gr. 573, 21 τὸ ἐκ τῶν προβάτων ἔ.) sheep’s clothing, disguising a wolf Mt 7:15.—B. 395. DELG s.v. δύω. M-M. TW.